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Elevated estrogen levels can stimulate male breast enlargement . As men age testosterone production declines and the ratio of estrogen to testosterone rises in favor of estrogen. It is often the ratio and balance of estrogen to testosterone that effects male physiology. There is no data in the medical literature for the natural remedies above, so it is difficult to say what the side effects are for those treatments.
Obese men with metabolic syndrome have a low testosterone level and elevated estrogen levels. Obese men with metabolic syndrome tend to have lower Sex Hormone Binding Globin levels. While one would think this would provide more bioavailable testosterone, it does not. Obese men tend to aromatize estrogen more than the normal weight individuals. Given the higher density of adipose in obese men, which is the primary source for aromatase, more testosterone is broken down into estrogen.
Estrogen receptors and the aromatase enzyme do reside in penile tissue. Studies have confirmed that penile development is also an estrogen dependent process in addition to testosterone. The goal of estrogen monitoring and treatment is to keep estrogen levels stable and within a specific and tailored range.
Aromatase inhibitors such as anastrazole have fewer side effects, but some people get muscle and joint pains. In women, these have caused sexual side effects because of the estrogen-blocking properties. At least one study showed cognitive changes, increased fatigue, and poor sleep. It is important for any man who is undergoing to undergo testosterone replacement therapy or estrogen management, to understand that estrogen plays a pivotal role during treatment. The goal of therapy should not be to lower estradiol levels to undetectable levels as this could affect male sexual behavior, desire and erectile function.
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- In addition, spermatogenesis is dependent upon estradiol to some extent, as all cells involved in the process of sperm production contain aromatase and express ERs.
- Traditionally, testosterone and estrogen have been considered to be male and female sex hormones, respectively.
- Estrogen receptors, as well as aromatase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to estrogen, are abundant in brain, penis, and testis, organs important for sexual function.
- However, estradiol, the predominant form of estrogen, also plays a critical role in male sexual function.
- Finally, estradiol levels should be considered when treating men with TST, as estradiol levels below 5 ng dl-1 correlate to a decrease in libido.
Overweight men commonly suffer from metabolic syndrome; a combination of obesity, high blood pressure, high testosterone elevated blood sugar and high cholesterol. This collection of conditions increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
The balance should be focused on the ratio of testosterone to estradiol levels in addition to keeping estradiol within a specific therapeutic range. As mood can correlate with sexual interest, it is reasonable to consider these data when discussing the role of estradiol on libido. Clearly, the effect of estradiol on male sexual desire is linked to testosterone levels, as there are different outcomes when estrogen is administered at low and normal testosterone levels. Another example of this duality is seen in men with androgen resistance, where unfettered estrogen is able to stimulate subsequent breast development. Sexual desire is an androgen dependent process, principally a result of testosterone.
They are also not monitored by the FDA, making it hard to know what is truly in the bottle. As for clomiphene, the side effects are generally those described in women, which are related to high estrogen levels, such as hot flashes. The SERM tamoxifen also can cause hot flashes, and there is an increased risk of blood clots but beneficial effects on lipids.
Much less is known about the role of estrogen in male sexual desire. It is believed that the ratio of testosterone to estrogen is the important factor in male sexual behavior rather than the presence of one individual hormone alone. In an interesting observational study in men who do not have the aromatase enzyme (aromatase-deficient men), estrogen supplementation increased sexual behavior. Estrogen may play a role in male orgasm, penile detumescent and penile erection.
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Elevated estrogen, via negative feedback on the pituitary gland prevents testosterone production. Furthermore, elevated Leptin levels in obese men prevents LH release from the pituitary gland further reducing testosterone levels.